Fig. 1. General model linking perceived stress to physiological response. ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; BP = blood pressure; CAMS = cellular adhesion molecules; CNS = central nervous system; CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone; CVR = change in cardiovascular reactivity; E = epinephrine; NE = norepinephrine; NK = natural killer lymphocyte; NPY = neuropeptide Y; NS = nonsympathetic; ß2 = ß2-adrenergic receptor.