Figure 1. Influence of parent education on change in homeostasis model assessment score (HOMA) over 3 years. From multivariable general linear model adjusting for age, gender, race, months of follow up, baseline pubertal stage, baseline household income, baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, baseline body mass index z score, baseline HOMA, and change in body mass index z score. Closed circles = nonobese; open circles = obese.