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Psychosomatic Medicine 36:199-205 (1974)
© 1974 American Psychosomatic Society

Tonic Immobility in the Chicken: Catalepsy Potentiation by Uncontrollable Shock and Alleviation by Imipramine

JACK D. MASER PHD1 and GORDON G. GALLUP JR PHD1

1 Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118

As compared to birds given the opportunity to control shock, inescapable aversive stimulation was shown to facilitate a cataleptic like state in chickens. In a second experiment imipramine was found to alleviate tonic immobility. It was suggested that the etiology of the cataleptic state in humans may relate to the maladaptive firing of a primitive predator defense.

Submitted on June 4, 1973
Revised on November 1, 1973




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