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Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol 50, Issue 6 627-633, Copyright © 1988 by American Psychosomatic Society
ORIGINAL ARTICLES |
RM Carney, MW Rich, KE Freedland, J Saini, A teVelde, C Simeone and K Clark
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
Fifty-two patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and subsequently found to have significant coronary artery disease (CAD) were given structured psychiatric interviews before catheterization. Nine of these patients met criteria for major depressive disorder. All 52 patients were contacted 12 months after catheterization, and the occurrence of myocardial infarction, angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery and death was determined. Results of the study show that major depressive disorder was the best predictor of these major cardiac events during the 12 months following catheterization. The predictive effect was independent of the severity of CAD, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the presence of smoking. Furthermore, with the exception of smoking, there were no statistically significant differences between those patients with major depressive disorder and the remaining patients on any variable studied. The possible mechanisms relating major depressive disorder to subsequent cardiac events are discussed. It is concluded that major depressive disorder is an important independent risk factor for the occurrence of major cardiac events in patients with CAD.
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M. W. Ketterer, L. Kenyon, B. A. Foley, J. Brymer, K. Rhoads, P. Kraft, and W. R. Lovallo Denial of Depression as an Independent Correlate of Coronary Artery Disease J Health Psychol, January 1, 1996; 1(1): 93 - 105. [Abstract] |
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V. Vaccarino, H. M. Krumholz, L. F. Berkman, and R. I. Horwitz Sex Differences in Mortality After Myocardial Infarction : Is There Evidence for an Increased Risk for Women? Circulation, March 15, 1995; 91(6): 1861 - 1871. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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R. C. Veith, N. Lewis, O. A. Linares, R. F. Barnes, M. A. Raskind, E. C. Villacres, M. M. Murburg, E. A. Ashleigh, S. Castillo, E. R. Peskind, et al. Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Major Depression: Basal and Desipramine-Induced Alterations in Plasma Norepinephrine Kinetics Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 1994; 51(5): 411 - 422. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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N. E. Adler, W. T. Boyce, M. A. Chesney, S. Folkman, and S. L. Syme Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: No Easy Solution JAMA, June 23, 1993; 269(24): 3140 - 3145. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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A. H. Glassman, S. P. Roose, and J. T. Bigger Jr The Safety of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Cardiac Patients: Risk-Benefit Reconsidered JAMA, May 26, 1993; 269(20): 2673 - 2675. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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P. A. Shapiro, R. P. Sloan, E. M. Horn, M. M. Myers, and J. M. Gorman Effect of Innervation on Heart Rate Response to Mental Stress Arch Gen Psychiatry, April 1, 1993; 50(4): 275 - 279. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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A. J. Grippo, J. A. Moffitt, and A. K. Johnson Cardiovascular alterations and autonomic imbalance in an experimental model of depression Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2002; 282(5): R1333 - R1341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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