Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol 59, Issue 6 578-584, Copyright © 1997 by American Psychosomatic Society

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Long-term outcome of motor vehicle accident injury

R Mayou, S Tyndel and B Bryant
University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE: To define the psychological outcome at 5 years of a sample of non-head-injured motor vehicle accident victims and identify baseline predictors. METHODS: Self-report questionnaires were completed by 111 consecutive subjects who had been injured in a motor vehicle accident 5 years earlier and who had been assessed previously in a prospective 1-year study. RESULTS: Although most subjects reported a good outcome, a substantial minority described continuing social, physical, and psychological difficulties and a quarter of those studied suffered phobic anxiety about travel as a driver or passenger. There was little change in quality of life outcome and effects on travel between assessments at 3 months, 1 year, and 5 years. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder remained approximately 10% throughout the follow-up; most early cases had remitted by 5 years, and a similar number of delayed new onsets had occurred between 1 year and 5 years. PTSD at 5 years was predicted by physical outcome and by postaccident intrusive memories and emotional distress. Compensation proceedings were initiated by 66 subjects and were often prolonged and a cause of distress. There were no significant associations with outcome. Trends for a poor outcome in claimants, especially those not settled at 5 years, may be due to their having more serious physical problems. CONCLUSION: Psychological complications are important and persistent after injury in a motor vehicle accident, are associated with adverse effects on everyday activities, and pose a challenge for consultation-liaison psychiatry.

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