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Anxiety But Not Depression Is Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure in a Community Group of French Elderly

From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Unit 360 (S.P., A.A., M.-J.D.), Unit 302 (J.-C.B.), and Unit 258 (P.D.), Hôpital Fernand Widal (J.-P.L.), Paris, France.

Address reprint requests to: Sabrina Paterniti, MD, INSERM U360, Hôpital La Salpêatrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether anxiety and depression were independently associated with elevated blood pressure in elderly persons.

METHOD: The study group consisted of 1389 subjects aged 59 to 71 years recruited from the electoral rolls of the city of Nantes (France). Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) and the Spielberger Inventory scales to assess depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, smoking and drinking habits, medical history, and drug use. Two measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were taken after a 10-minute rest. Body mass index was computed from weight and height measurements. Subjects taking antihypertensive drugs (N = 281) were excluded from the present analysis.

RESULTS: Depression and anxiety scores were significantly correlated (r = .61 in men; r = .65 in women; p < .001). In univariate analyses, anxiety scores were correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men, but not in women; blood pressure was not associated with depressive symptoms in either sex. Multivariate logistic regressions, controlling for possible confounders, showed that in both men and women, the risk of high blood pressure increased with increasing anxiety scores; odds ratios for high blood pressure were less than 1 in subjects with depressive symptomatology.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that anxiety but not depression was independently associated with an increased risk for high blood pressure.

Key Words: anxiety, • depression, • blood pressure.

Abbreviations: EVA Study = Etude sur le Vieillissiment Artériel;; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale;; BMI = body mass index;; DBP = diastolic blood pressure;; SBP = systolic blood pressure.

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