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From the Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), Center for Clinical Pharmacology (M.F.M.), and Department of Medicine (M.F.M.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Psychology (J.D.F., S.B.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Address reprint requests to: Karen A. Matthews, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Email: matthewska{at}msx.upmc.edu
OBJECTIVE: We tested whether low SES was associated with reduced central serotonergic responsivity in a community sample of adult men and women and the extent to which standardized measures of aggression and impulsivity mediate the association.
METHODS: A total of 270 adults who were enrolled in a clinical trial on the neurobehavioral effects of lipid lowering were given a neuropharmacologic challenge (plasma prolactin response to orally administered fenfluramine) to measure serotonergic responsivity. Measures of family income and educational attainment were standardized and summed to derive an overall index of SES. Scores from the Brown-Goodwin Life History of Aggression interview, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Angry Hostility subscale from the NEO Personality Inventory were also standardized and summed to form an aggression/impulsivity score.
RESULTS: Low SES was correlated with low prolactin responses to the fenfluramine challenge in the full sample (r = .15) as well as in whites, men, and women evaluated separately. Although the standardized SES score was correlated inversely with aggression/impulsivity measure (r = -.19, p < .01), the association between SES and prolactin responses remained significant when statistical adjustments were made for age, gender, body mass index, and aggression/impulsivity scores.
CONCLUSIONS: Blunted serotonergic responsivity is associated with low social class as measured by annual family income and educational attainment.
Key Words: socioeconomic status • serotonin • aggression • impulsivity • hostility
Abbreviations: SES = socioeconomic status; 5-HIAA = 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; 5-HT = 5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin; PRL = prolactin; LHA = Life History of Aggression.
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