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From the Departments of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics (R.G., J.S., W.B.M.), Oral Biology (J.S.), Medicine (W.B.M., R.G.), Psychology (R.C.M.), and Psychiatry (J.K-G), The Ohio State University, and The Ohio State Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research (R.G., J. S., W.B.M., R.C.M., J.K-G,), and Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.G., J.S., W.B.M., J.K-G.), Columbus, Ohio.
Address correspondence to: Ronald Glaser, PhD, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, 2175 Graves, 333 W. Tenth Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Email: glaser.1{at}osu.edu
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Influenza and pneumonia account for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in older individuals. Previous studies have shown that spousal caregivers of patients with dementia have poorer antibody and virus specific T cell responses to an influenza virus vaccine relative to noncaregiving control subjects. This study tested the hypothesis that stress can also significantly inhibit the IgG antibody response to a pneumococcal bacterial vaccine.
METHOD: We measured antibody titers of current caregivers, former caregivers, and control subjects after vaccination with a pneumococcal bacterial vaccine.
RESULTS: Caregivers showed deficits relative to controls and former caregivers in their antibody responses to vaccination. Although the groups did not differ before vaccination or in the rise in antibody 2 weeks or 1 month after vaccination, current caregivers had lower antibody titers 3 and 6 months after vaccination than either former caregivers or controls.
CONCLUSIONS: These data, the first evidence that chronic stress can inhibit the stability of the IgG antibody response to a bacterial vaccine for pneumonia, provide additional evidence of health risks associated with dementia caregiving.
Key Words: stress • immune response • vaccinations.
Abbreviations: PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; ISEL = Interpersonal Support Evaluation List.
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