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The Relation of Severity of Depressive Symptoms to Monocyte-Associated Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Apparently Healthy Men

From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (E.C.S., R.R.K.) and Department of Pathology (J.G.L.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Address reprint requests to: Dr. Edward C. Suarez, Box 3328, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. Email ecs.jr{at}duke.edu

OBJECTIVE: We examined the relation of severity of depressive symptoms to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of monocyte-associated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in 53 nonsmoking, healthy men.

METHODS: Assessments of cytokine and chemokine expression and severity of depressive symptoms were conducted on the same day. The 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess severity of depressive symptoms experienced during the week before study participation. Dual-color flow cytometry was used to determine monocyte-associated (CD14+) expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) after in vitro lipopolysaccharide stimulation of undiluted whole blood.

RESULTS: Calculations of partial correlation coefficients controlling for age, race, body mass index, and alcohol use indicated that BDI score was significantly associated with IL-1 (r = 0.27), IL-1ß (r = 0.44), TNF- (r = 0.57), MCP-1 (r = 0.52), and IL-8 (r = 0.33). In addition, relative to men with BDI scores below 10, men with BDI scores of 10 or above exhibited an overexpression of IL-1ß (p = .004), TNF- (p = .005), IL-8 (p = .002), and MCP-1 (p = .025).

CONCLUSIONS: Relative to men with no or minimal symptoms of depression, men with mild to moderate levels of depressive symptoms showed overexpression of monocyte-associated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

Key Words: severity of depressive symptoms • interleukin-1 • interleukin-8 • tumor necrosis factor- • monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 • men

Abbreviations: ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease;; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory;; BMI = body mass index;; CHD = coronary heart disease;; IL = interleukin;; LPS = lipopolysaccharide;; MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein 1;; MFI = mean fluorescence intensity;; MI = myocardial infarction;; TNF- = tumor necrosis factor .

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