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Structural Equation Modeling for Conducting Tests of Differences in Multiple Means

From the Division of Psychology in Education, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Samuel B. Green, PhD, Division of Psychology in Education, Box 870611, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-0611. E-mail: samgreen{at}asu.edu

Multivariate methods for analyzing group differences in means on dependent variables include multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, and multivariate analysis of factor means. To make appropriate choices among these methods, researchers should understand the statistical models underlying them. We present these models using path diagrams within a structural equation modeling framework. Results for the different methods are presented for an example concerning coping with asthma.

Key Words: structural equation modeling • MANOVA • structured means modeling • MIMIC models

Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; MANOVA = multivariate analysis of variance; SEM = structural equation modeling; MIMIC = multiple-indicator, multiple-cause; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.