Psychosomatic Medicine
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Published online before print February 27, 2009
Psychosom Med 2009, doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318198dcd4
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© 2009 by American Psychosomatic Society

Original Article


Received March 29, 2008
Returned for revision November 4, 2008

Divergent Effects of Laughter and Mental Stress on Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics

Charalambos Vlachopoulos , MD, Panagiotis Xaplanteris , MD, Nikolaos Alexopoulos , MD, Konstantinos Aznaouridis , MD, Carmen Vasiliadou , PhD, Katerina Baou , MD, Elli Stefanadi , MD, Christodoulos Stefanadis , MD


Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Charalambos Vlachopoulos, MD, E-mail: cvlachop{at}otenet.gr.


  Abstract

Objective: To investigate the effect of laughter and mental stress on arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics. Arterial stiffness and wave reflections are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Chronic psychological stress is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, whereas acute stress deteriorates vascular function. Methods: Eighteen healthy individuals were studied on three occasions, according to a randomized, single-blind, crossover, sham procedure-controlled design. The effects of viewing a 30-minute segment of two films inducing laughter or stress were assessed. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was used as an index of arterial stiffness; augmentation index was used as a measure of wave reflections. Results: Laughter decreased pulse wave velocity (by 0.30 m/sec, p = .01), and augmentation index (by 2.72%, p = .05). Conversely, stress increased pulse wave velocity (by 0.29 m/sec, p = .05) and augmentation index (by 5.1%, p = .005). Laughter decreased cortisol levels by 1.67 µg/dl (p = .02), soluble P-selectin by 26 ng/ml (p = .02) and marginally von Willebrand factor (by 2.4%, p = .07) and increased total oxidative status (by 61 µmol/L, p < .001). Stress decreased interleukin-6 (by 0.11 pg/ml, p = .04) and increased total oxidative status (by 44 µmol/L, p = .007). Soluble CD40 ligand and fibrinogen remained unchanged. Conclusions: Positive (laughter) and negative (stress) behavioral interventions have divergent acute effects on arterial stiffness and wave reflections. These findings have important clinical implications extending the spectrum of lifestyle modifications that can ameliorate arterial function.

Key Words: arterial stiffness, laughter, mental stress, pulse wave velocity, wave reflections




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Copyright © 2009 by the American Psychosomatic Society