Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With Psychiatric Disorders Are at Greater Risk of Exacerbations

Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kim L. Lavoie, PhD, E-mail: k-lavoie{at}crhsc.rtss.qc.ca.

	Abstract

Objective: To assess prospectively the impact of psychiatric disorders on risk for exacerbations. The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is punctuated by acute exacerbations. Although anxiety and mood disorders are common in patients with COPD, no studies have assessed prospectively the association between these disorders and exacerbations. Methods: Psychiatric disorders were evaluated by a structured psychiatric interview in 110 patients (51% women, age (mean ± standard deviation) = 66 ± 8 years) with stable COPD and previous admission for exacerbations recruited from two outpatient clinics. Patients were followed for a mean of 2 years and both inpatient-treated (i.e., treated in the emergency department or hospital) and outpatient-treated (i.e., treated with medication in the patient's own environment) exacerbations were recorded. Results: Independent of covariates, patients with psychiatric disorders exhibited a significantly higher weighted annual rate of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting after adjustment for covariates (3 versus 2, p = .003) than patients without psychiatric disorders, but no difference in exacerbations treated in the inpatient setting. They were also at a higher risk for any (relative risk (RR) = 1.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02–2.37) and outpatient (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.08–2.59) exacerbations, but not inpatient exacerbations (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.82–2.25). Conclusions: Patients with psychiatric disorders are at greater risk of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting but not those treated in an inpatient setting. These outpatient-managed exacerbations account for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden for COPD, so interventions should target patients with psychiatric disorders to improve management of COPD.

Key Words: anxiety, COPD, depression, exacerbations, psychiatric disorders