This Article Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Wilhelm, F. H. Articles by Roth, W. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Wilhelm, F. H. Articles by Roth, W. T. Related Collections Anxiety Pulmonary

Slow Recovery From Voluntary Hyperventilation in Panic Disorder

From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford and the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Gerlach is currently at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Means and standard errors of self-reported anxiety and minute-by-minute mean end-tidal pCO2 for the three groups over the course of the experiment. BASE is the baseline. 6 x FB/REC refers to the six 1-minute fast-breathing periods and 1-minute recovery periods, the following FB refers to the 3-minute fast-breathing period, and REC refers to the 10-minute final recovery period. Anxiety ratings were not evaluated during the initial six recovery periods. a marks the first time point where the panic disorder patients differ from the other groups (ANCOVA with last 2 minutes of FB as covariate: F(2,53) = 4.01, p < .02).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Means and standard errors of selected physiological measures for the three groups at the baseline (BASE), the 3-minute fast-breathing period (FB), and the final recovery period (REC).