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Depression and Risk of Heart Failure Among the Elderly: A Prospective Community-Based Study

From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (S.A.W., S.V.K., A.H., H.M.K.), and the Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.M.K.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT (H.M.K.); Department of Preventive Medicine, Griffin Hospital, Derby, CT (A.H.); and Department of Medicine (J.L.A., V.V.), Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Age-adjusted cumulative probability of surviving free of heart failure among men according to depression status. Depression was defined as a score of 21 or more on the CES-D.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Age-adjusted cumulative probability of surviving free of heart failure among women according to depression status. Depression was defined as a score of 21 or more on the CES-D.