Loneliness and Health: Potential Mechanisms
John T. Cacioppo, PhD,
Louise C. Hawkley, MA,
L. Elizabeth Crawford, PhD,
John M. Ernst, PhD,
Mary H. Burleson, PhD,
Ray B. Kowalewski, MA,
William B. Malarkey, MD,
Eve Van Cauter, PhD and
Gary G. Berntson, PhD
From the Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (J.T.C., E.C.); the Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (L.C.H., R.B.K., G.G.B.); the Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL (J.M.E.); the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University West, Phoenix, AZ (M.H.B.); the Department of Medicine, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH (W.B.M.); and the Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (E.V.C.).

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Fig. 1. Mean systolic blood pressure (top panel), diastolic blood pressure (middle panel), and heart rate (bottom panel) as a function of loneliness and age.
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Copyright © 2002 by the American Psychosomatic Society