Death or Illness of a Family Member, Violence, Interpersonal Conflict, and Financial Difficulties as Predictors of Sickness Absence: Longitudinal Cohort Study on Psychological and Behavioral Links
Mika Kivimäki, PhD,
Jussi Vahtera, MD,
Marko Elovainio, PhD,
Benita Lillrank, MD and
May V. Kevin, MD
From the Department of Psychology, Division of Applied Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.K.); Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki (M.K.) and Turku, Finland (J.V.); Department of Social Research, National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland (M.E.); and Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku (B.L., M.V.K.), Finland.
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Fig. 2. Flow chart of the sample selection procedure.
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Fig. 3. Structural models of violence and sickness absence in men (values are from the standardized solution; solid lines refer to significant (p < .05) paths and dashed lines to nonsignificant paths). P-factors = anxiety, mental distress, lowered sense of coherence. B-factors = heightened smoking and alcohol comsumption.
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Fig. 4. Structural models of financial difficulties and sickness absence in men (values are from the standardized solution; solid lines refer to significant (p < .05) paths and dashed lines to nonsignificant paths). P-factors = anxiety, mental distress, lowered sense of coherence. B-factors = heightened smoking and alcohol comsumption.
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Copyright © 2002 by the American Psychosomatic Society
