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Regional Brain Activation Due to Pharmacologically Induced Adrenergic Interoceptive Stimulation in Humans

From the University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Top, Isoproterenol-induced regional brain glucose increases for all subjects. Two-sample t-statistic maps of normalized (to whole brain) increases in regional metabolic rate for glucose in response to intravenous isoproterenol (mean of subjects given isoproterenol at each pixel minus mean of subjects given saline placebo at each pixel). Scan slices are horizontal at indicated millimeters from ACPC line. Difference in each pixel is represented by color coding. Color coding bar indicating correspondence of color to t score is shown in the figure. The right hemisphere is displayed on the left side and vice versa. Map is overlaid on a generic magnetic resonance imaging template to provide anatomical orientation. All 24 subjects are included. Areas of statistically significant activation are in the medial cingulate gyrus and the left primary somatosensory cortex. Bottom, Isoproterenol-induced regional brain glucose increases for right-handed female subjects (N = 8 in each group). Data analysis and representation methods are the same as for the top figure. Area of statistically significant activation is in the right insular cortex.