Psychological Stress and Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccination: When Is the Critical Period for Stress, and How Does It Get Inside the Body?
Gregory E. Miller, PhD,
Sheldon Cohen, PhD,
Sarah Pressman, MS,
Anita Barkin, MSN, CRNP,
Bruce S. Rabin, MD, PhD and
John J. Treanor, MD
From the Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (G.E.M.); the Department of Psychology (S.C., S.P.) and Student Health Services (A.B.), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (B.S.R.); and the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (J.J.T.).
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Figure 1. Timeline of ambulatory monitoring period.
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Figure 2. Antibody response slope to influenza vaccine as a function of cumulative stress ratings. Subjects are stratified into low-stress, medium-stress, and high-stress groups based on their ratings being less than, within, or greater than 1 SD from the sample mean. Response to New Caledonia strain is shown.
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Figure 3. Antibody titer values at baseline, 1-month, and 4-month assessments as a function of cumulative stress ratings. Subjects are stratified into low-stress, medium-stress, and high-stress groups based on their ratings being less than, within, or greater than 1 SD from the sample mean. Response to New Caledonia strain is shown.
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Figure 4. Effect sizes relating stress ratings to antibody response for each day of ambulatory monitoring. Note that all effect sizes are negatively signed (ie, higher stress relates to lower antibody), but they are displayed as absolute values for the sake of presentation.
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Copyright © 2004 by the American Psychosomatic Society
