Premenstrual Exacerbation of Depressive Disorders In a Community-Based Sample in the United States
Shirley Ann Hartlage, PhD,
Dana L. Brandenburg, PsyD and
Howard M. Kravitz, DO MPH
From the Department of Psychiatry (S.A.H., H.M.K.), Department of Psychology (S.A.H.), and Department of Preventive Medicine (H.M.K.), Rush University Medical Center and Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois; and McLaren Regional Medical Center, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University (D.L.B.).

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Figure 1. Percentage of 110 menstrual cycles during which symptoms of depression were exacerbated premenstrually in participants with clinical or subclinical depressive disorder (N = 58).
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Figure 2. Percentage of 110 menstrual cycles during which various numbers of symptoms were exacerbated premenstrually in participants with clinical or subclinical depressive disorder (N = 58).
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Copyright © 2004 by the American Psychosomatic Society