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The Effect of Sunlight on Postoperative Analgesic Medication Use: A Prospective Study of Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery

Jeffrey M. Walch, BSA, Bruce S. Rabin, MD, PhD, Richard Day, PhD, Jessica N. Williams, BS, Krissy Choi, BS and James D. Kang, MD

From the Departments of Pathology (J.M.W., B.S.R.), Biostatistics (R.D.), and Orthopedics (J.D.K.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (J.N.W., K.C.).



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  		Figure 1. Mean oral opiate use in each age quartile, by side of hall, with percent difference and 95% confidence interval.

 




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