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Changes in Financial Strain Over Three Years, Ambulatory Blood Pressure, and Cortisol Responses to Awakening

Andrew Steptoe, DPhil, Lena Brydon, PhD and Sabine Kunz-Ebrecht, PhD

From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.



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  		Figure 1. Systolic blood pressure at 3-year follow-up averaged into morning (07:50–10:50), midday (11:00–13:50), afternoon (14:00–16:50), and evening (17:00–22:30) periods in groups reporting improved financial strain (• solid line) and worse/no change in financial strain ({blacksquare} dashed line). Values are averaged across men and women and are adjusted for age, grade of employment, BMI, smoking status, baseline financial strain, and T1 systolic pressure from the corresponding time period. Error bars are SEM.

 


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  		Figure 2. Diastolic blood pressure at 3-year follow-up averaged into morning, midday, afternoon, and evening periods in groups reporting improved financial strain (• solid line) and worse/no change in financial strain ({blacksquare} dashed line). Values adjusted as for systolic blood pressure.

 


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  		Figure 3. Mean cortisol at 3-year follow-up on waking and 30 minutes later in groups reporting improved financial strain (• solid line) and worse/no change in financial strain ({blacksquare} dashed line). Values are adjusted for the corresponding T1 cortisol value, and age, grade of employment, smoking status, baseline financial strain, and time of waking in the morning.

 




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