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Psychosocial Influences on Women’s Experience of Planned Elective Cesarean Section

From the Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK (E.K.); Goldsmiths College, London, UK (S.H., D.E.); and Imperial College London, London, UK (C.D., A.H.).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Change in maternal verbal analogue scale pain (scored 0–5) and fear indexes (scored 0–4), and birth partner fear reports, across the perioperative phases (Time 2 = (i) on ward, (ii) neuraxial block, (iii) incision; Time 3 = (iv) memory, (v) post) of the CS (values as mean ± 1 standard error of mean). Higher score indicates greater pain/fear.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Proposed model of the mediators of the relationship between mother’s preoperative (pre) negative birth expectations, her fear responses during the operation and her subsequent postoperative (post) pain experiences. AS = anxiety sensitivity, BP = birth partner, – = negative.