Adrenocortical and Nociceptive Responses to Opioid Blockade in Hypertension-Prone Men and Women
Mustafa al'Absi, PhD,
Christopher France, PhD,
Angie Harju, BS,
Janis France, PhD and
Lorentz Wittmers, MD, PhD
From the Departments of Behavioral Sciences (M.A., A.H.), Family Medicine (M.A.), and Physiology & Pharmacology (M.A., L.W.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN; and the Department of Psychology (C.F., J.F.), Ohio University, Athens, OH.
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Figure 1. Outline of the study protocol.
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Figure 2. Mean salivary cortisol concentrations obtained before and after consuming placebo or 50 mg naltrexone and after the nociceptive flexion assessments (details of the protocol outlined in Figure 1) for low-risk (A) and high-risk (B) participants. A significant risk x medication x sample interaction was found (p < .05) reflecting an early peak in cortisol concentrations in the naltrexone condition among the low-risk participants. Error bars represent standard error of the mean.
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Figure 3. Mean nociceptive flexion reflex threshold during three trials. Data are collapsed over drug conditions (placebo and naltrexone) to illustrate the gender x risk interactions, showing that high-risk men exhibited greater responding than low-risk men, whereas the opposite pattern was found in women. Error bars represent standard error of the mean.
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Copyright © 2006 by the American Psychosomatic Society
