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Psychophysiologic and Affective Parameters Associated With Pain Intensity of Cardiac Cardioverter Defibrillator Shock Discharges

Jens Baumert, MS, PhD, Claus Schmitt, MD and Karl-Heinz Ladwig, MD, PhD

From the Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin, Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany (J.B., K.-H.L.); German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany (C.S.); GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany (J.B., K.-H.L.).


Figure 112
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  		Figure 1. Distribution of pain perception by discomfort of shock discharge as box whisker plot with 25% quantile to 75% quantile, including mean and median (box) and minimum and maximum (whisker).

 

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  		Figure 2. Mean pain perception in subclasses estimated by CART analysis (n = 84 patients). SHOCKS: number of shocks. ANXIETY: anxiety SCL-90 (0: no, 1: yes). EMMW: electromyogram magnitude (in µV). EMHAB: electromyogram habituation (in µV). Mean pain perception in end subclasses: Subclass 1 (SHOCKS = 1 and EMMW ≤4.15, n = 12): 21.9 (95% CI, 4.6–39.1). Subclass 2 (SHOCKS = 1 and EMMW >4.15, n = 14): 51.7 (95% CI, 34.2–69.3). Subclass 3 (SHOCKS >1 and ANXIETY ≤7 and EMMW ≤3.4, n = 11): 36.0 (95% CI, 19.0–53.0). Subclass 4 (SHOCKS >1 and ANXIETY ≤7 and EMMW >3.4 and EMHAB >0.21, n = 17): 51.1 (95% CI, 35.9–66.2). Subclass 5 (SHOCKS >1 and ANXIETY ≤7 and EMMW >3.4 and EMHAB ≤0.21, n = 18): 71.2 (95% CI, 61.6–80.9). Subclass 6 (SHOCKS >1 and ANXIETY >7, n = 12): 74.8 (95% CI, 60.5–89.2).

 




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