Psychosomatic Medicine
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Published online before print February 8, 2007, 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31803133ea
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Effects of Age on Responsiveness to Adjunct Hypnotic Analgesia During Invasive Medical Procedures

Susan K. Lutgendorf, PhD, Elvira V. Lang, MD, Kevin S. Berbaum, PhD, Daniel Russell, PhD, Michael L. Berbaum, PhD, Henrietta Logan, PhD, Eric G. Benotsch, PhD, Sebastian Schulz-Stubner, MD, Derek Turesky, MA and David Spiegel, MD

From the Department of Psychology (S.K.L., D.T.), University of Iowa; the Department of Radiology, Iowa City, Iowa Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (E.V.L.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; the Department of Radiology (K.S.B.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Institute for Social and Behavioral Research (D.R.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; Institute for Health Research and Policy (M.L.B.), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; the Division of Public Health Services and Research (H.L.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; the Department of Psychology (E.G.B.), University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; the Department of Anesthesiology (S.S.-S.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.S.), Stanford University, Stanford, California.


Figure 111
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  		Figure 1. Scatterplot of hypnotizability by age. The slope of the regression line is –0.09, suggesting that there is a minimal relationship between age and hypnotizability.

 

Figure 211
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  		Figure 2. Mean pain score (range 1–10) as a function of procedure time for younger (<60) and older (>60) patients in standard care, attention, and hypnosis treatments. All procedures for the hypnosis group were completed by 150 minutes. Mean scores for data points after 105 minutes are based on <10 patients per group.

 

Figure 311
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  		Figure 3. Mean anxiety score (range 1–10) as a function of procedure time for younger (<60) and older (>60) patients in standard care, attention, and hypnosis treatments. (range 1–10). All procedures for the hypnosis group were completed by 150 minutes. Mean scores for data points after 105 minutes are based on <10 patients per group. For illustrative purposes, we use a cut point of 60 and above as "older" for the purposes of illustration.

 




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