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Published online before print October 17, 2007, 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318157b142
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Affect Regulation, Stimulant Use, and Viral Load Among HIV-Positive Persons on Anti-Retroviral Therapy

Adam W. Carrico, PhD, Mallory O. Johnson, PhD, Judith T. Moskowitz, PhD, MPH, Torsten B. Neilands, PhD, Stephen F. Morin, PhD, Edwin D. Charlebois, PhD, MPH, Wayne T. Steward, PhD, MPH, Robert H. Remien, PhD, F. Lennie Wong, PhD, Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, PhD, Marguerita A. Lightfoot, PhD, Margaret A. Chesney, PhD and The NIMH Healthy Living Project Team

From the Department of Psychiatry (A.W.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (M.O.J., T.B.N., S.F.M., E.D.C., W.T.S., NIMH Healthy Living Project Team), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine (J.T.M.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University (R.H.R., NIMH Healthy Living Project Team), New York, New York; Center for Community Health (F.L.W., M.J.R.-B., M.A.L., NIMH Healthy Living Project Team), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; National Institutes of Health Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (M.A.C.); Medical College of Wisconsin (NIMH Healthy Living Project Team), Milwaukee, Wisconsin.


Figure 112
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  		Figure 1. Proposed Model of the associations among affective regulation, regular stimulant use, ART nonadherence, and HIV viral load.

 

Figure 212
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  		Figure 2. Planned pairwise comparisons indicated that a) among individuals currently prescribed ART, regular stimulant users (n = 64) had a five-fold higher HIV viral load (0.70 log10) than those who denied regular stimulant use (n = 465; 2238 versus 447 copies/mL); b) regular stimulant users on ART (n = 64) had significantly lower HIV viral load (0.62 log10) when compared with regular stimulant users who were not prescribed ART (n = 50); and c) among individuals who denied regular stimulant use, individuals currently prescribed ART (n = 465) had significantly lower HIV viral load (1.27 log10) when compared with those not currently treated with ART (n = 183).

 

Figure 312
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  		Figure 3. Final model of the associations among affect regulation, regular stimulant use, ART nonadherence and immune status in the subsample of participants who were currently prescribed ART and had a valid HIV viral load measure (n = 529). This model accounted for 12% of the variance in regular stimulant use, 14% of the variance in ART nonadherence, and 23% of the variance in HIV viral load.

 




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