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Fig. 1. Mean pain ratings in the three groups from pain = 7, for every 5 minutes after pain = 7, and 5 minutes after removal of the tourniquet. At pain = 7, the Placebo group received an injection with information that it was a painkiller, and the Nocebo group received an injection with information that it would increase the pain. The Natural History group did not receive the injection and information. Error bars indicate ±1 standard error of the mean (SEM).
